秋田犬

它是民族的象征，它的起源要追溯到日本秋田犬。是目前世界上最受欢迎的犬种之一。

萨摩耶

萨摩耶犬（英文名：Samoyed），别名萨摩耶，原是西伯利亚的原住民萨摩耶族培育出的犬种。

博美犬

博美犬有华丽的被毛，不仅需要定期修剪也要每天梳理，并不适合忙碌的人。但作为小型犬，博美还是很好的家庭伴侣。

吉娃娃

吉娃娃犬，是世界上最小的犬种之一，以墨西哥的奇瓦瓦州命名，又称吉娃娃、吉娃娃狗、奇娃娃、齐花花玩赏犬。

牛头梗

牛头梗(Bull Terrier)这一品种有两个品系--白色牛头梗和有色牛头梗。该品种的起源可追溯到1835年。大家一致相信该品种是由现已绝种的英国白梗繁育产生的。几年后，为达到其外观上的标准，该犬与西班牙指示犬进行杂交，至今仍可在该犬的身上偶尔发现指示犬的遗传特征。

蝴蝶犬

蝴蝶犬又称蝶耳犬和巴比伦犬，因耳朵上的长毛直立装饰，犹如翩翩起舞的蝴蝶而得名。体高20-28厘米，体重3-5公斤，起源于十六世纪，原产于西班牙， 是欧洲最古老的品种之一。

藏獒

藏獒，又名西藏獒犬，属獒犬类，是一种体型较大性格凶猛的犬。其毛色多为铁包金、**、黑色等，原产于青藏高原。

西伯利亚雪橇犬

西伯利亚雪橇犬，常见别名哈士奇，俗名为二哈。西伯利亚雪橇犬体重介于雄犬20-27公斤，雌犬16-23公斤，身高大约雄犬肩高53-58厘米，雌犬51-56厘米，是一种中型犬。

腊肠犬

腊肠犬是一种短腿，长身的猎犬。此品种被发展为嗅猎，追踪，及捕杀獾类及其他穴居的动物。原产于德国，现遍及各地。腊肠犬在所有狗种中是比较好养的。因为腊肠犬的天性独立自主，所以照顾起来很容易，主人下达的指令也都会迅速理解遵从。

拉萨犬

拉萨犬原产于青藏高原,形体外貌如狮子，毛色有金**、朱砂色、灰色、花色和黑、白、茶等各种颜色，被毛长而丰富，特别是头部、耳部、尾部被毛最厚实，可拖至地面。善有胡须和长的颜鬓，尾上翘，呈菊花形尾。

狗的英文字母怎么写

1.Labradoodle（拉布拉多）

A Labradoodle is a crossbred or hybrid dog created by crossing the Labrador Retriever and the Standard or Miniature Poodle.

History

The Labradoodle was first deliberately bred in 1989, when Australian breeder Wally Conron[1] first crossed the Labrador Retriever and Standard Poodle for Guide Dogs Victoria.[2] His aim was to combine the low-shedding coat of the Poodle with the gentleness and trainability of the Labrador, and to provide a Guide Dog suitable for people with allergies to fur and dander. Guide Dogs Victoria continue to breed Labradoodles today [3] and Labradoodles are now often used around the world as Guide, Assistance, and Therapy Dogs[4][5][6][7][8] as well as being popular family dogs.

Appearance and temperament

The Labradoodle as a dog breed is still developing, and does not yet "breed true," i.e., puppies do not have consistently predictable characteristics. While many Labradoodles display desired traits, their appearance and behavioral characteristics remain, from an overall breed standpoint, unpredictable.

As such, Labradoodles' hair can be anywhere from wiry to soft, and may be straight, wavy, or curly. Some Labradoodles do shed, although the coat usually sheds less and has less dog odor than that of a Labrador Retriever.

Like most Labrador Retrievers and Poodles, Labradoodles are generally friendly, energetic and good with families and children (although as with any dog the temperament may vary between individuals). Labradoodles also often display an affinity for water and the strong swimming ability present in both their parent breeds.

Like their parent breeds, both of which are amongst the world's most intelligent dog breeds, [9] Labradoodles are very intelligent and quite trainable. Labradoodles can be taught to obey verbal or sign language commands, or both, and remain commonly used as guide dogs for disabled or handicapped persons around the world.[10]

Types of Labradoodle

A group of Labradoodle Assistance Dogs.

There is no universal consensus as to whether breeders should aim to have Labradoodles recognized as a breed [2]. Some breeders prefer to restrict breeding to early generation dogs (i.e. bred from a Poodle and Labrador rather than from two Labradoodles) to maximise genetic diversity, to avoid the inherited health problems that have plagued some dog breeds.

Others are breeding Labradoodle to Labradoodle over successive generations, and trying to establish a new dog breed. These dogs are usually referred to as Multigenerational (abr. Multigen) or Australian Labradoodles [11]. Australian Labradoodles also differ from early generation and Multigenerational Labradoodles in that they may also have other breeds in their ancestry. English and American Cocker Spaniel/Poodle crosses (ie Cockapoos), Two Irish Water Spaniels and Soft-Coated Wheaten Terriers have variously been used in some Australian Labradoodle lines. The Curly Coated Retriever were used too, but these lines did not work out and they were discontinued.[12]

Labradoodle coats are generally divided into 3 categories: Wool (with tight curls, and similar in appearance to that of a Poodle, but with a softer texture); Fleece (soft and free-flowing, with a kinked or wavy appearance); or Hair (which can be curly, straight or wavy, but is more similar in texture to a Labrador's coat) [13]. Labradoodles come in a wide variety of colours, including chocolate, cafe, parchment, cream, gold, apricot, red, black, silver, chalk, parti colours[14], and generally all the colours that can be found in Poodles. They also can be different sizes, depending on the size of poodle (i.e. toy, miniature or standard) used.

2.Golden Retriever（金毛）

The Golden Retriever is a breed of dog, historically developed as a gundog to retrieve shot waterfowl and upland game and lame hens during hunting.[1] As such they were bred to have a soft mouth to retrieve game undamaged and an instinctive love of water.[2] Their intelligence and versatility sees them employed in a variety of roles including illegal drug detection, search and rescue, as hunting dogs and as guide dogs.[3] Their friendly, eager-to-please and patient demeanors have also made them popular family dogs. [4]

History

The Golden Retriever was originally developed in Scotland at "Guisachan" near Glen Affric, the highland estate of Sir Dudley Marjoribanks (pronounced "Mar?banks"), later Baron Tweedmouth. For many years, there was controversy over which breeds were originally crossed. In 1952, the publication of Majoribanks' breeding records from 1835 to 1890 dispelled the myth concerning the purchase of a whole troupe of Russian sheepdogs from a visiting circus.[5]

Improvements in automobiles guns during the 1800s resulted in more fowl being downed during hunts at greater distances and over increasingly difficult terrain. This led to more birds being lost in the field. Because of this improvement in firearms, a need for a specialist retriever arose as training setter and pointer breeds in retrieval was found to be ineffective. Thus work began on the breeding of the Golden Retriever to produce pups. In 1868, this cross produced a litter that included four pups; these four became the basis of a breeding program which included the Irish Setter, the sandy-colored Bloodhound, the St. John's Water Dog of Newfoundland, and two more wavy-coated black Retrievers. The bloodline was also inbred and selected for trueness to Majoribanks' idea of the ultimate hunting dog. His vision included a more vigorous and powerful dog than previous retrievers, one that would still be gentle and trainable. Russian sheepdogs are not mentioned in these records, nor are any other working dog breeds. The ancestry of the Golden Retriever is all sporting dogs, in line with Majoribanks' goals.[3]

Golden Retrievers were first accepted for registration by the The Kennel Club of England in 1903, as Flat Coats - Golden. They were first exhibited in 1908, and in 1911 were recognized as a breed described as Retriever (Golden and Yellow). In 1998, the Golden Retriever Club was founded. The breed name was officially changed to Golden Retriever.

The Honorable Archie Majoribanks took a Golden Retriever to Canada in 1881, and registered Lady with the American Kennel Club (AKC) in 1894. These are the first records of the breed in these two countries. The breed was first registered in Canada in 1927, and the Golden Retriever Club of Ontario, now the Golden Retriever Club of Canada, was formed in 1958. The co-founders of the GRCC were Cliff Drysdale an Englishman who had brought over an English Golden and Jutta Baker, daughter in law of Louis Baker who owned Northland Kennels, possibly Canada's first kennel dedicated to Goldens. The AKC recognized the breed in 1925, and in 1938 the Golden Retriever Club of America was formed.[6]

Appearance

[edit] British type

Some variations do exist between the British type Golden Retrievers prevalent throughout Europe and Australia,[7] and those of American lines and these differences are reflected in the breed standard. Its muzzle is wider and shorter, and its forehead is blockier. It has shorter legs, with a slightly deeper chest, and shorter tail. Its features make it generally heavier than the Canadian type. Males should be between 56–61 centimeters (22–24 in) at the withers and females slightly shorter at between 51–56 centimeters (20–22 in). Their weight, however, is not specified in the UK standard. The KC standard calls for a level topline and straight hindquarters without the slight rear angulation found in American lines.[8][9] The eyes of the European type are noted for their roundness and darkness as contrasted with the triangular or slanted composition of their American counterparts. A Golden Retriever of British breeding can have a coat color of any shade of gold or cream; however, red or mahogany are not permissible colors. Originally cream was not an acceptable color in the UK standard; however, by 1936 the standard was revised to include cream. It was felt this exclusion was a mistake as the original "yellow" retrievers of the 19th century were lighter in color than the then current standard permitted. As with American lines, white is an unacceptable color in the show ring. [10] The British KC standard is used in all countries with the exceptions of the US and Canada.[9] Some breeders of this type in America may import their dogs to improve the temperament and health noted in those bloodlines . The incidence of cancer among English bloodlines is significantly less than is seen in the American lines.

Canadian type

The Canadian Golden Retriever is a newer type of Golden. Appearance is meant to be similar to the American type in height and weight, with a light coat color. Color is described as not as light as a British type, and not as dark as an American type.

Field line Golden Retrievers tend to be smaller and have a less dense coat than their conformation line counterparts, and they are usually darker in color.

Golden Retriever, 8 month old puppy.

[edit] American type

The American type is similar to the Canadian type. It is tall, with a moderately narrow muzzle, and a chest that is not generally deep. Its stomach does not curve heavily, and its withers are almost level with it's shoulders.

The American type is sometimes bred with the English type to give it a white or cream coat. However, American types most commonly have dense, dark coats, such as black.

Coat and color

Golden Retrievers vary widely in color.As indicated by their name, their coat comes in light golden colors to dark golden colors. The coat is dense and waterproof, and may be straight or moderately wavy. It usually lies flat against the belly. The American Kennel Club (AKC) standard states that the coat is a "rich, lustrous golden of various shades", disallowing coats that are extremely light or extremely dark. This leaves the outer ranges of coat color up to a judge's discretion when competing in conformation shows. Therefore, "pure white" and "red" are unacceptable colors for the Golden coat.[10] The Kennel Club (UK) also permits cream as an acceptable coat color.[8] Judges may also disallow Goldens with pink noses, or those lacking pigment. The Golden's coat can also be of a mahogany color, referred to as "redheads", although this is not accepted in the British show ring.[8] As a Golden grows older, its coat can become darker or lighter, along with a noticeable whitening of the fur on and around the muzzle. Puppy coats are usually much lighter than their adult coats, but a dark dog a darker colouration at the tips of the ears may indicate a darker adult color. A golden's coat should never be too long, as this may prove to be a disservice to them in the field, especially when retrieving game.[11]

3，SIBERIAN HUSKY （哈士奇=西伯利亚雪橇犬）

The Siberian Husky (Russian: Сибирская лайка) is a medium-size, dense-coat working dog breed that originated in eastern Siberia. The breed belongs to the Spitz genetic family. It is recognizable by its thickly-furred double coat, sickle tail, erect triangular ears and distinctive markings.

Huskies are an active, energetic and resilient breed whose ancestors came from the extremely cold and harsh environment of the Siberian Arctic and were bred by the Chukchi of Northeastern Asia, it was imported into Alaska during the Nome Gold Rush and spread from there into the United States and Canada, initially as a sled dog. It rapidly acquired the status of a family pet and a show-dog.

Appearance

A red/white femaleSiberian Huskies share many outward similarities with the Alaskan Malamute as well as many other Spitz breeds such as the Samoyed, which has a comparable history to the Huskies. Siberians have a thicker coat than most other breeds of dog. They come in a variety of colors and patterns, usually with white paws and legs, facial markings, and tail tip. The most common colors are black and white, copper-red and white, grey and white, and pure white, though many individuals have blondish, or piebald spotting. Striking masks, spectacles, and other facial markings occur in wide variety. They tend to have a wolf-like appearance.

[edit] Eyes

A "copper"-coloured Siberian Husky with heterochromia, a trait which is unusual in most dogs, but not uncommon among Siberian Huskies.The eyes of a Siberian Husky are dark blue, light blue, amber or brown. In some individual dogs, one eye may be brown and the other blue (complete heterochromia), or one or both eyes may be "parti-colored," that is, half brown and half blue (partial heterochromia). All of these eye color combinations are considered to be acceptable by the American Kennel Club, which also states that the eyes are "an almond shape, moderately spaced and set slightly obliquely."

[edit] Coat

The Siberian Husky's coat is thicker than most breeds of dogs[2], comprising two layers: a dense undercoat and a longer topcoat of short, straight guard hairs. It protects the dogs effectively against harsh Arctic winters, but the coat also reflects heat in the summer. It is able to withstand temperatures as low as ?50 °C to ?60 °C.[3] The absence of the undercoat is often present during shedding.Their thick coats require weekly grooming[2][4]Long guard hair is not desirable and is considered a fault.[4]

[edit] Nose

In some instances, Siberian Huskies can exhibit what is called "snow nose" or "winter nose". This condition is called hypopigmentation in animals. Show-quality dogs are preferred to have neither pointed or square noses in shape. The nose is black in gray, tan and black dogs, liver in copper-colored dogs, and may be flesh-colored in white dogs. "Snow nose" is acceptable in the show ring.[4][5]

[edit] Close bred cousins

One of the most close bred cousins to the Siberian husky is the Samoyed. These two dogs look different, but they were originally from Siberia, Russia, and they have the same genes, closer than some Pointer and Blue-tick Hounds. There is also another dog, that looks fairly similar to a Husky, albeit much smaller: the Alaskan Klee Kai. The Alaskan Klee Kai was created in the 1980s and are quite rare.

[edit] Size

Male

Height: 21 to 23.5 inches (53 to 60 cm) at the withers.

Weight: 45 to 60 pounds (20 to 27 kg)

Female

Height: 20 to 22 inches (51 to 56 cm) at the withers.

Weight: 35 to 50 pounds (16 to 23 kg)[4]

Behavior

Six month old female Siberian Husky playing in the snowThe Siberian Husky has been described as a behavioral representative of the domestic dog's forebearer, the wolf, exhibiting a wide range of its ancestors' behavior.[6] They are known to howl rather than bark.[7] Hyperactivity displaying as an overactive hunting drive, a characteristic of kenneled dogs, is often noticeable in dogs released from their captive environment for exercise - a behavior welcome in hunting dogs but not in the family pet. The frequency of kenneled Siberian Huskies, especially for racing purposes, is rather high, as attributed through the history of the breed in North America. A fifteen-minute daily obedience training class will serve well for Siberian Huskies.[8] Siberian Huskies are a very stubborn and dominant breed of dog. Siberians need consistent training and do well with a "Nothing In Life Is Free" training program. They are extremely intelligent and after learning a new skill will often decide when to show off this skill when asked to perform it. They rank 45th in Stanley Coren's The Intelligence of Dogs, being of average working/obedience intelligence. They tend to run because they were at first bred to be a sled dog. Owners are advised to exercise caution when letting their Siberian Husky off the leash as the dog is likely to be miles away before looking around and realizing their owner is nowhere in sight.[9]

ctrl +c ctrl+v累死我了。。还有些没copy过来。。想要更多的话，去维基百科搜索。。什么文都能搜索到。

一般的说法是用dog

小狗用doggie（doggy），purp

口语说dawg，发音和dog一样

俚语是pooch

骂人的说法是mutt（mut）

按品种就多了

1 Affenpinscher 艾芬笃宾犬

2 Afghan Hound 阿富汗猎犬

3 Airedale Terrier 万能梗

4 Akita 秋田犬

5 Alaskan Malamute 阿拉斯加雪橇犬

6 American Eskimo Dog 美国爱斯基摩犬

7 American Staffordshire Terrier 美国史特富郡梗

8 American Water Spaniel 美国水猎犬

9 Anatolian Shepherd 安娜图牧羊犬

10 Australian Cattle Dog 澳洲牧牛犬

11 Australian Shepherd 澳洲牧羊犬

12 Australian Terrier 澳洲梗

13 Basenji 贝吉生犬

14 Basset Hound 巴吉度猎犬

15 Beagle 贝高犬

16 Bearded Collie 古代长须牧羊犬

17 Bedlington Terrier 贝林登梗

18 Belgian Malinois 比利时玛利诺犬

19 Belgian Sheepdog 比利时牧羊犬

20 Belgian Tervuren 比利时坦比连犬

21 Bernese Mountain Dog 伯恩山犬

22 Bichon Frise 卷毛比雄犬

23 Black and Tan Coonhound 黑褐猎浣熊犬

24 Bloodhound 血猎犬

25 Border Collie 边境牧羊犬

26 Border Terrier 边境梗

27 Borzoi 波索尔

28 Boston Terrier 波士顿梗

29 Bouvier des Flandres 法兰德斯畜牧犬

30 Boxer 拳狮犬

31 Briard 伯瑞犬

32 Brittany 不列塔尼猎犬

33 Brussels Griffon 比利时粗毛猎犬

34 Bull Terrier 牛头梗

35 Bulldog 斗牛犬

36 Bullmastiff 斗牛马士提夫犬

37 Cairn Terrier 凯安梗

38 Canaan Dog 卡南犬

39 Cavalier King Charles Spaniel 查理士王小猎犬

40 Chesapeake Bay Retriever 乞沙比克猎犬

41 Chihuahua 吉娃娃

42 Chinese Crested 中国冠毛犬

43 Chinese Shar-pei 中国沙皮犬

44 Chow Chow 松狮犬